AMCH Acad Pro

CBME UG Curricum for the IMR : Lesson Plan

Subject:Physiology

Topic: 11

Copmpetency/outomes: 137

Class Hours : 496

Teaching

Lecture No

Topic No

Comp. No pic: 11

Copmpetency/outomes: 137

Class Hours : 4

method

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

PY1.1

Describe the structure and functions of a mammalian cell

PY1.1/SLO

1.Describe the structure and functions of organelles in a cell

2. Applied physiology

Cell physiology

Lecture

Cell physiology

SDL

PY1.2

Describe and discuss the principles of homeostasis

PY1.2/SLO

1.Define homeostasis.

2.Positive and negative feedback mechanism.

Homeostasis

Lecture

PY1.3

Describe intercellular communication

PY1.3/SLO

1.Describe the types of intercellular communication.

2.Describe the mode of action of chemical messengers.

Intercellular communication

Lecture

PY1.4

Describe apoptosis - programmed cell death

PY1.4/SLO

1.Define apoptosis.

2Describe the mechanism of apoptosis and its physiological significance.

Apoptosis

SDL

PY1.5

Describe and discuss transport mechanisms across cell

PY1.5/SLO

Describe the active and passive transpot mechanisms across the cell membranes.

Active transport

Lecture

Passive transport

Lecture

Transport

SGD

Transport

SGD

Chart calculation, case histories discussion

SGD

PY1.6

Describe the fluid compartments of the body, its ionic

PY1.6/SLO

1.Describe the body fluid compartments of the body, ionic composition and

measurement

Lecture

1.Describe the body fluid compartments of the body, ionic composition and measurement

Charts, calculation, case histories discussion

SGD

PY1.7

Describe the concept of pH and Buffer systems in the body

PY1.7/SLO

1.Define pH.

2.Describe the role of the body fluid buffers in the maintenance

of pH

pH and buffer systems

Lecture

Henderson - Hassebach's equation

SGD

Henderson - Hassebach's equation

SGD

Describe and discuss the molecular basis of resting membrane

PY 1.8

potential and action potential in excitable tissue

PY1.8/SLO

1.Discuss the genesis of resting membrane potential

2.Explain Gibbs Donan equilibrium

3.Derive Nernst equation for sodium , potassium and chloride

4.Derive Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equationObjectives:

5 To draw the action potential of a neuron, skeletal and smooth muscle and cardiac

muscle and describe the phases of action potential.

6.Describe its ionic basis and its uses in medicine

Resting Membrane Potential

Lecture

AP in neuron, skeletal and smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Lecture

Applied Physiology of RMP and Action potential

SDL

Demonstrate the ability to describe and discuss the

PY1.9

methods used to demonstrate the functions of the cell and its

and its care and research

PY1.9/SLO

1.To explain the patch clamp techniques

Patch clamp technique

SGD

Patch clamp technique

SGD

HAEMATOLOGY

PY2.1

Describe the composition and functions of blood components

PY2.1/SLO

1. Describe the composition of blood

2. Discuss the functions of various blood components

Composition and functions of blood components

Lecture

PY2.2

Discuss the origin, forms, variations and functions of plasma

proteins

PY2.2/SLO

1. Discuss the origin and the various forms plasma proteins

2. Describe the Starling’s forces

3. Discuss the various functions of plasma proteins

4. Applied physiology: Kwashiorkar, Edema

Plasma proteins

Lecture

PY2.3

Describe and discuss the synthesis and functions of Haemoglobin and explain its

breakdown. Describe variants of haemoglobin

PY2.3/SLO

1. Describe the synthesis and functions of of Hb

2. Disuss the fate of RBC

3. Explain the various types of complexes of Hb

4. Describe various hemoglobinopathies

5. Applied physiology - cyanosis

Haemoglobin

Lecture

Hemoglobin and its physiological relevance

SGD

Hemoglobin and its physiological relevance

SGD

Charts, calculation, case histories discussion

SGD

Describe RBC formation (erythropoiesis and its regulation) and its

PY2.4

functions

PY2.4/SLO

1. Define erythropoiesis

2. Explain various theories of erythropoiesis

3. Mention the various sites of erythropoiesis

4. Describe the stages of erythropoiesis and the regulation of erythropoiesis

5. Discuss various functions of RBC

RBC

Lecture

PY2.5

Describe different types of anaemias and Jaundice

PY2.5/SLO

1. Define anaemia

2. Etiological and morphological classification of anaemia

3. Describe the effects, symptoms, signs and principles of treatment of anaemia

4. Define and classify polycytemia

5. Describe the effects, symptoms, signs and principle of treatment of polycythemia

6. Calculate the RBC indices and interpret the values

Anaemia

Lecture

Jaundice

SGD

Jaundice

SGD

Anaemia

RBC indices

SDL

PY2.6

Describe WBC formation (granulopoiesis) and its regulation

PY2.6/SLO

1.Classify WBCs

2.Describe the morphology of Granlocytes and Agranulocytes

3.Discuss various stages, development and regulation of WBC

4.Explain the steps involved in phagocytosis

5.Mention the normal count of WBC and its variations

WBC

Lecture

Phagocytosis

SGD

Phagocytosis

SGD

Charts, calculation, case histories discussion

SGD

PY2.7

Describe the formation of platelets, functions and variations

PY2.7/SLO

1.Describe the formation, structure, life span and fate of platelets

2.Mention the normal platelet count and its variation

3.Disuss the various functions of platelets

Platelets

Lecture

Bleeding disorders

SGD

Bleeding disorders

SGD

PY2.8

Describe the physiological basis of hemostasis and,

anticoagulants. Describe bleeding and clotting disorders (Hemophilia, purpura)

PY2.8/SLO

1.Define hemostasis

2.Describe the process involved in hemostasis

3.Explain the coagulation pathways

4. Explain the anticlotting and fibrinolytic mechanisms in the body

5.Mention the anticoagulants (therapeutic and laboratory) and their mechanism of

action

6.Discuss the various causes for abnormal haemostasis

7.Descirbe the various tests for hemostasis

Hemostasis - I

Lecture

Hemostasis - II

Lecture

Hemophilia, purpura and dengue

SGD

Hemophilia, purpura and dengue

SGD

Clotting disorders

SDL

PY2.9

Describe different blood groups and discuss the clinical importance of blood grouping,

blood banking and transfusion

PY2.9/SLO

1.Define Landstainer’s Law

2.Explain various blood group systems: Major ,Minor

3.Describe the mechanisms and consequence of ABO and Rh in compatibility

(erythroblastosis foetalis)

4.Discuss in detail about blood transfusion

5.Describe the various hazards of blood transfusion

Blood groups

Lecture

PY2.10

Define and classify different types of immunity. Describe the

development of immunity and its regulation

PY2.10/SLO

1.Define and classify immunity

2.Discuss the development of T and B cells

3.Explain the mechanism of cell mediated immunity

4.Explain the mechanism of humoral immunity

5. Describe the structure, functions of different types of immunoglobulins

6. Descibe in detail the complement system

7. Discuss transplant rejection,hypersensitivity,immune-deficiency

8. Explain about immunological tolerance, autoimmunity

immune modulation and immunodeficiency diseases

Immunity - I

Lecture

Lymph and Reticuloendothelial system

SDL

Immunity - II

Lecture

Immunity - III

Lecture

PY2.11

Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, RBC indices, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT

PY2.11/SLO

1.Estimate hemoglobin and intrepret the values

2.Determine the RBC count and intrepret the values

3.Determine the TLC count and intrepret the values

4.Calculate the RBC indices and intrepret the values

5.Determine the DLC count and intrepret the values

6.Identify the blood group

7.Determine the BT/CT and intrepret the values

Practical briefing on Hb estimation

SGD

DOAP

Estimation of Hb

session

DOAP

Estimation of Hb

session

DOAP

Estimation of Hb

session

DOAP

Estimation of Hb

session

DOAP

Estimation of Hb

session

DOAP

Estimation of Hb

session

Practical briefing on compound microscope

SGD

Practical briefing on Improved Neubeaur's chamber

SGD

DOAP

Compound microscope Improved Neubeaur's chamber

session

DOAP

Compound microscope, Improved Neubeaur's chamber

session

Practical briefing on determination of RBC count

SGD

DOAP

Determination of RBC count

session

DOAP

Determination of RBC count

session

DOAP

Determination of RBC count

session

DOAP

Determination of RBC count

session

DOAP

Determination of RBC count

session

DOAP

Determination of RBC count

session

Practical briefing on determination of TLC count

SGD

DOAP

Determination of TLC count

session

DOAP

Determination of TLC count

session

DOAP

Determination of TLC count

session

DOAP

Determination of TLC count

session

DOAP

Determination of TLC count

session

DOAP

Determination of TLC count

session

Briefing on Calculation of RBC indices

SGD

DOAP

Calculation of RBC indices

session

DOAP

Calculation of RBC indices

session

DOAP

Calculation of RBC indices

session

DOAP

Calculation of RBC indices

session

Practical briefing on determination of DLC count

SGD

DOAP

Determination of DLC count - Preparation of ideal smear

session

DOAP

Determination of DLC count - Preparation of ideal smear

session

DOAP

Determination of DLC count - Preparation of ideal smear

session

DOAP

Determination of DLC count - Preparation of ideal smear

session

DOAP

Determination of DLC count

session

DOAP

Determination of DLC count

session

DOAP

Determination of DLC count

session

DOAP

Determination of DLC count

session

DOAP

Determination of DLC count

session

DOAP

Determination of DLC count

session

Practical briefing on blood groups,bleeding time, clotting time

SGD

DOAP

Determination of blood groups

session

DOAP

Determination of blood groups

session

DOAP

Determination of blood groups

session

DOAP

Determination of blood groups

session

DOAP

Determination of blood groups

session

DOAP

Determination of blood groups

session

DOAP

Determination of bleeding time, clotting time

session

DOAP

100

Determination of bleeding time, clotting time

session

DOAP

101

Determination of bleeding time, clotting time

session

DOAP

102

Determination of bleeding time, clotting time

session

DOAP

103

Determination of bleeding time, clotting time

session

DOAP

104

Determination of bleeding time, clotting time

session

Describe test for ESR, Osmotic fragility, Hematocrit.

PY2.12

Note the findings and interpret the test results etc

PY2.12/SLO

1.Observe the procedure of ESR and intrepret the results

2.Observe the procedure of osmotic fragility and intrepret the results

3. Observe the procedure of hematocrit and intrepret the results

105

Practical briefing on ESR and Hematocrit

SGD

106

Practical briefing on osmotic fragility & specific gravity

SGD

107

ESR, Osmotic fragility and Hematocrit

Demonstration

108

ESR, Osmotic fragility and Hematocrit

Demonstration

109

ESR, Osmotic fragility and Hematocrit

Demonstration

110

ESR, Osmotic fragility and Hematocrit

Demonstration

PY2.13

Describe steps for reticulocyte and platelet count

PY2.13/SLO

1.Observe the procedure of counting the reticulocytes and interpret the values

2..Observe the procedure of counting the platelets and interpret the values

111

Practical briefing on reticulocyte and platelet count

SGD

112

Reticulocyte and platelet count

Demonstration

113

Reticulocyte and platelet count

Demonstration

114

Briefing on OSPE

SGD

NERVE and MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

Describe the structure and functions of a neuron and neuroglia;

PY3.1

Discuss Nerve Growth Factor and other growth factors/cytokines

PY3.1/SLO

1.Describe the structure and functions of neuron.

2.Describe the types of neuroglia and their functions

3. Discuss the functions of nerve growth factors, growth factors and cytokines

115

Neuron

SDL

116

Nerve growth factor, growth factors and cytokines

SGD

117

Nerve growth factor, growth factors and cytokines

SGD

PY3.2

Describe the types, functions and properties of nerve fibers

PY 3.2/SLO

1. Discuss types of fibers

2. Describe the properties of nerve fibers

3.Describe myelination in CNS and PNS

4.Discuss saltatory conduction

5.Classification of nerve injuries

118

Classification of nerve fibers

SDL

Properties of nerve fibers, myelination in CNS and PNS, saltatory conduction.Applied

119

physiology,

Lecture

PY3.3

Describe the degeneration and regeneration in peripheral nerves

PY 3.3/SLO

1.Classification of nerve injuries

2.Discuss Wallaerian degenerative changes in the neuron

3.Discuss regenerative changes in the neuron

120

Wallerian degeneration and regeneration of nerves

Lecture

PY3.4

Describe the structure of neuro-muscular junction and

transmission of impulses

PY 3.4/SLO

1.Describe structure of neuro muscular junction.

2.Discuss the events neuro musculartransmission.

121

Structure of neuro muscular junction.neuro musculartransmission.

Lecture

PY3.5

Discuss the action of neuro-muscular blocking agents

PY3.5/SLO

1.Discuss the drugs acting on neuro muscular junction.---blockers, stimulators.

Drugs acting on neuro muscular junctionblockers,

Lecture

122

stimulators.

123

Neuro muscular junction and blocking agents and stimulators

124

Neuro muscular junction and blocking agents and stimulators

PY3.6

Describe the pathophysiology of Myasthenia gravis

PY 3.6/SLO

1.Discuss neuromuscular disorders.

2.Discuss myasthenia gravis,symptoms ,signs and physiological basis of treatment.

125

Chart, case history discussion

SGD

126

Myasthenia gravis

SGD

127

Myasthenia gravis

SGD

PY3.7

Describe the different types of muscle fibres and their structure

PY 3.7/SLO

1. Discuss the difference between skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle

2.Describe the types of muscle,structure of muscle fibre,myofibril,sarcomere,actin and

myosin,sarcotubular system,

128

Difference between skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle

Lecture

129

Structure of skeletal muscle, sarcotubular system

Lecture

PY3.8

Describe action potential and its properties in different muscle types

(skeletal and smooth)

PY 3.8/SLO

1. Action potential and ionic basis.

2. Describe the properties of skeletal and smooth muscle.

130

AP in neuron, skeletal and smooth muscle , ionic basis.

Lecture

131

Describe the properties of skeletal and smooth muscle

Lecture

PY3.9

Describe the molecular basis of muscle contraction in skeletal and in smooth muscles

PY3.9/SLO

1. Discuss molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction.

2. Discuss the process of excitation- contraction

3.Discuss sliding filament theory

4.Discuss the types of contraction

132

Excitation contraction coupling

Lecture

PY3.10

Describe the mode of muscle contraction (isometric and isotonic)

PY3.10/SLO

1. Discuss Isotonic and isometric contraction

133

Types of muscle contraction

SGD

134

Types of muscle contraction

SGD

PY3.11

Explain energy source and muscle metabolism

PY 3.11/SLO

1.Discuss the metabolism in muscle

2.Discuss the source of energy for skeletal muscle contraction .

135

Metabolism in Skeletal muscle

SGD

136

Metabolism in Skeletal muscle

SGD

PY3.12

Explain the gradation of muscular activity

PY3.12/SLO

1.Explain gradation of mild ,moderate and severe activity in skeletal muscle.

137

Muscular gradation

SGD

138

Muscular gradation

SGD

PY3.13

Describe muscular dystrophy: myopathies

PY3.13/SLO

1.Explain the physiological basis of Beckers dystrophy,

2.Explain the physiological basis of Eaton-lambert syndrome

139

Neuromuscular disorders.Beckers dystrophy,Eaton-lambert syndrome

SGD

140

Neuromuscular disorders.Beckers dystrophy,Eaton-lambert syndrome

SGD

PY3.14

Perform Ergography

PY3.14/SLO

1.Record and calculate the work done using mossos ergograph.

2.Discuss and study the effect of arterial occulsion and discuss the physiological basis.

3.Discuss and study the effect of Venous occulsion and discuss the physiological basis

4. Discuss and study the effect of motivation and discuss the physiological basis

141

Practical briefing on ergography

SGD

DOAP

142

Ergograph

session

DOAP

143

Ergograph

session

Demonstrate effect of mild, moderate and severe exercise and

PY3.15

record changes in cardiorespiratory parameters

PY 3.15/SLO

1. Discuss the effect of mild, moderate and severe exercise and

record changes in cardiorespiratory parameters

144

Practical briefing on effect of exercise on CVS

SGD

145

Practical briefing on effect of exercise on RS

SGD

Demonstrate effect of mild, moderate and severe exercise and

DOAP

146

record changes in cardiorespiratory parameters

session

Demonstrate effect of mild, moderate and severe exercise and

DOAP

147

record changes in cardiorespiratory parameters

session

Demonstrate effect of mild, moderate and severe exercise and

DOAP

148

record changes in cardiorespiratory parameters- Revision

session

Demonstrate effect of mild, moderate and severe exercise and

DOAP

149

record changes in cardiorespiratory parameters-Revision

session

Demonstrate effect of mild, moderate and severe exercise and

DOAP

150

record changes in cardiorespiratory parameters-Revision

session

Demonstrate effect of mild, moderate and severe exercise and

DOAP

151

record changes in cardiorespiratory parameters-Revision

session

Demonstrate Harvard Step test and describe the impact on

PY3.16

induced physiologic parameters in a simulated environment

PY3.16/SLO

1.Demonstrate Harvard Step test

2.Describe the impact on heart rate and blood pressure in a simulated environment

DOAP

Demonstrate Harvard Step test and describe the impact on

152

induced physiologic parameters in a simulated environment

session

Demonstrate Harvard Step test and describe the impact on

DOAP

153

induced physiologic parameters in a simulated environment

session

PY3.17

Describe Strength-duration curve

PY3.17/SLO

1.Chronaxie

2.Rheobase

154

Chart, case history discussion

SGD

155

Strength duration curve

SGD

156

Strength duration curve

SGD

Observe with Computer assisted learning (i) amphibian nerve -

PY3.18

muscle experiments (ii) amphibian cardiac experiments

PY3.18/SLO

1. Discuss the amphibian nerve muscle contraction with Computer assisted learning

2.Discuss the amphibian properties of cardiac muscle with Computer assisted learning

Observe with Computer assisted learning (i) amphibian nerve -

157

CALM

muscle experiments (ii) amphibian cardiac experiments

Observe with Computer assisted learning (i) amphibian nerve -

158

CALM

muscle experiments (ii) amphibian cardiac experiments

GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY

PY4.1

Describe the structure and functions of digestive system

PY4.1/SLO

1. Describe the structural anatomy of digestive system

2. Discuss the functions of digestive system

159

Structural anatomy and functions of digestive system

SDL

Describe the composition, mechanism of secretion, functions,

PY4.2

and regulation of saliva, gastric, pancreatic, intestinal juices and bile secretion

PY4.2/SLO

1.Describe the composition, mechanism of secretion, functions,

and regulation of salivary secretion

2.Describe the composition, mechanism of secretion, functions,

and regulation of gastric secretion

3.Describe the composition, mechanism of secretion, functions,

and regulation of pancreatic secretion

4.Describe the composition, mechanism of secretion, functions,

and regulation of intestinal secretion

5.Describe the composition, mechanism of secretion, functions,

and regulation of bile secretion

160

Salivary secretion

Lecture

161

Gastric secretion

Lecture

162

Charts and case histories discussion

SGD

163

Pancreatic secretion

Lecture

164

Intestinal juices

Lecture

165

Bile secretion

Lecture

166

Jaundice

SDL

Describe GIT movements, regulation and functions. Describe defecation reflex. Explain

PY4.3

role of dietary fibre.

PY4.3/SLO

1.Describe swallowing and peristalsis.

2.Describe small intestinal and large intestinal movements

3.Discuss the regulation and functions of various GIT movements

4.Mention the importance of dietary fiber

5.Describe defecation reflex

167

GIT movements, defecation reflex

Lecture

PY4.4

Describe the physiology of digestion and absorption of nutrients

PY4.4/SLO

1.Describe the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

2.Describe the digestion and absorption of proteins

3.Describe the digestion and absorption of fats

168

Digestion and absorption of nutrients

Lecture

Describe the source of GIT hormones, their regulation and

PY4.5

functions

PY4.5/SLO

1.Describe the various source of GIT hormones

2.Describe the regulation and functions of GIT hormones

169

GIT hormones

SGD

170

GIT hormones

SGD

PY4.6

Describe the Gut-Brain Axis

PY4.6/SLO

1.Describe the enteric nervous system and autonomic nerve supply of the GIT

2.Explain the role of various neurotransmitters in GIT

3.Discuss the various gastro intestinal reflexes

171

Gut-Brain Axis / Enteric nervous system

Lecture

PY4.7

Describe and discuss the structure and functions of liver and gall bladder

PY4.7/SLO

1.Describe the physiological anatomy of liver and gall bladder

2.Describe the functions of liver and gall bladder

3.Disuss the various applied aspects of liver and gall bladder

172

Liver and gall bladder

Lecture

Describe and discuss gastric function tests, pancreatic exocrine function tests and

PY4.8

liver function tests

PY4.8/SLO

1.Describe and discuss the gastric function tests

2.Describe and discuss the exocrine pancreatic function tests 3.Describe and discuss

the liver function tests

173

Gastric tests, pancreatic exocrine liver function tests

Lecture

174

Gastric and exocrine pancreatic function test

SGD

175

Liver function test

SGD

Discuss the physiology aspects of: peptic ulcer, gastro- oesophageal reflux disease,

vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, Adynamic ileus, Hirschsprung's disease

PY4.9

PY4.9/SLO

1.Discuss the physiological aspects of peptic ulcer

2.Discuss the physiological aspects of gastro- oesophageal reflux disease

3.Discuss the physiological aspects of vomiting and diarrhoea

4.Discuss the physiological aspects of constipation, adynamic ileus and

Hirschsprung's disease

176

GIT - Applied physiology

Lecture

177

Charts and case histories discussion

SGD

178

Peptic ulcer,Gastro - oesophageal reflux disease

179

Peptic ulcer,Gastro - oesophageal reflux disease

Demonstrate the correct clinical examination of the abdomen in a normal volunteer or

PY4.10

simulated environment

PY4.10/SLO

1.Demonstrate the clinical examination of the abdomen in a normal volunteer

DOAP

180

Clinical examination of abdomen

session

DOAP

181

Clinical examination of abdomen

session

Renal Physiology

PY7.1

Describe structure and function of kidney

PY7.1/SLO

1. Discuss the physiological role kidney in homeostasis.

182

Introduction to Kidney

Lecture

Describe the structure and functions of juxta glomerular apparatus and role of renin-

PY7.2

angiotensin system

PY7.2/SLO

1.Describe the structrure of juxta glomerular apparatus

2.Discuss the functions of juxta glomerular apparatus

183

Juxta glomerular apparatus

Lecture

PY7.3

Describe the mechanism of urine formation involving processes of filtration, tubular

reabsorption and secretion; concentration and diluting mechanism

PY7.3/SLO

1.Define GFR.

2.Discuss the factors affecting GFR.

3.Explain the calacualtion of GFR.

4.Discuss Tubular reabsorption in kidney.

5. DiscussTubular secretion in kidney.

6. Discuss functioning of DCT.

7. Discuss the renal handling of different solutes.

8.Explain concentration and dilution of urine.

9. Discuss counter current mechanism in detail.

184

Glomerular filtration rate

Lecture

185

Calculation of GFR

SDL

186

Tubular reabsorption

Lecture

187

Tubular secretion

Lecture

188

Functioning of DCT

Lecture

189

Renal handling of solutes

Lecture

190

Concentration and dilution of urine

Lecture

191

Counter current mechanism

Lecture

PY7.4

Describe and discuss the significance and implication of Renal clearance

PY7.4/SLO

1. Describe and discuss the significance of Renal clearance

2.Describe and discuss the implication of Renal clearance

192

Renal clearance

PY7.5

Describe the renal regulation of fluid and electrolytes and acid-base balance

PY 7.5/SLO

1. Discuss the fluid and electrolytes balance

2. Discuss acid-base balance

3. Explain renal regulation of acid- base balance

193

Fluid and electrolytes and acid-base balance

Lecture

194

Renal regulation of acid- base balance

Lecture

Describe the innervations of urinary bladder,

PY7.6

physiology of micturition and its abnormalities

PY7.6/SLO

1. Describe the innervations of urinary bladder,

2. Discuss the physiology of micturition

3. Discuss the micturition abnormalities

195

Micturition

Lecture

PY7.7

Describe artificial kidney, dialysis and renal transplantation

PY 7.7/SLO

1. Describe artificial kidney

2.Discuss the different types of dialysis

3. Discuss the advantages,diadvantages and contraindication for dialysis an

4. Discuss renal transplantation

5.Discuss the classification,mechanism of action of diuretics

196

Dialysis

SGD

197

Dialysis

SGD

198

Diuretics

SGD

199

Diuretics

SGD

PY7.7

Describe artificial kidney, dialysis and renal transplantation with General medicine

200

Artificial kidney

201

Artificial kidney

PY7.8

Describe and discuss Renal Function Tests

PY7.8/SLO

1. Discuss the normal composition of urine

2. Discuss intra venous pyelogram.

202

Renal function tests

Lecture

203

Charts, calculation, case histories discussion

SGD

204

Charts, calculation, case histories discussion

SGD

PY7.8

Describe and discuss Renal Function Tests

205

Renal Function Tests

206

Renal Function Tests

PY7.9

Describe cystometry and discuss the normal cystometrogram

PY7.9/SLO

1. Describe the procedure for cystometry.

2.Discuss the normal cystometrogram.

3.Discuss the bladder abnormalities.

207

Cystometrogram

Lecture

208

Bladder dysfunction

SGD

209

Bladder dysfunction

SGD

ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY

PY8.1

Describe the physiology of bone and calcium metabolism

PY8.1/SLO

1.Describe the basic anatomy of bone.

2.2.Describe the cells involved in formation and resorption of bone.

3.List the hormones involved in calcium and phosphate homeostasis.

4. Explain calcium and phosphate metabolism in the body.

5.Explain the mechanism of calcium and phosphate absorption and excretion.

5.Describe the effects of parathormone excess and decrease on the body.

6.Describe the physiological functions of Vitamin D.

7.Physiologial functions of calcitonin.

210

Physiology of bone

SDL

211

Parathormone in Calcium homeostasis

Lecture

212

Parathormone, Vitamin D and calcotonin in Calcium homeostasis

Lecture

Describe the synthesis, secretion, transport,

physiological actions, regulation and effect of altered

PY8.2

(hypo and hyper) secretion of pituitary gland, thyroid gland,

parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas and hypothalamus

PY8.2/SLO

1.Descibe the anatomic connections between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

2.Name the hypophysiotropic hormones and their effects on anterior pituitary function.

3.Describe the synthesis, processing , storage, secretion and functions of growth

hormone.

4.Describe the effects of growth homone excess on the body before and after puberty.

5.List the causes of drawfism.

6.Describe the synthesis, processing storage, secretion and functions of posterior

pituitary hormones - oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

7.Describe the effects of ADH excess and decrease on the body

8.Decribe the neuroendocrine reflex.

9. Describe the synthesis, storage, release and functions of thyroid hormones.

10.Dicuss the effects of thyroid hormone excess and decrease in adults and infants.

11.Name the adrenal cortical hormones and describe their synthesis

12.Describe the physiological effects of glucocorticoids on the body.

13.Describe the effects of glucocorticoids excess and decrease on the body and

14.Describe the synthesis and physiological functions of mineralocoticoid on the body.

15.Discuss the effects of aldosterone excess and decrease on the body.

16.Describe the synthesis and physiological effects of sex steroids.

17.Discuss the effects of sex hormone excess in adults and children.

18.List the adrenal medullary hormones and describe the synthesis and physiological

function of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine.

19.Explain the fight or flight hormones.

20.Name the hormones secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

21.Describe the synthesis, secretion,mechanism of action and physiological functions

of insulin.

22.Describe the effects of insulin lack and insulin resistance.

23.Classify diabetes mellitus and explain the effects of high blood sugar on the body

and treatment of diabetes.

213

Hypothalamus

Lecture

214

Pituitary gland I

Lecture

215

Pituitary gland II

Lecture

216

Thyroid gland I

Lecture

217

Thyroid gland II

Lecture

218

Thyroid Gland

219

Thyroid gland

220

Pancreas I

Lecture

221

Pancreas II

Lecture

222

Parathyroid

Lecture

PY8.3

Describe the physiology of Thymus and Pineal Gland

PY8.4/SLO

1.Describe the functions of thymus and its immunological role

2.Describe the physiology of pineal gland

3.Describe the functions of melatonin and its role in sleep-wake cycle

223

Physiology of thymus

SDL

224

Physiology of pineal gland

SDL

Describe function tests: Thyroid gland; Adrenal cortex,

PY8.4

adrenal medulla and pancreas

PY8.4/SLO

1.Describe the thyroid function tests

2.Describe the adrenal function tests

3.1.Describe the pancreatic function tests

225

Thyroid function tests

Lecture

226

Adrenal function tests

Lecture

227

Pancreatic function tests

Lecture

Describe the metabolic and endocrine consequences of obesity

PY8.5

and metabolic syndrome, stress response. Outline the

psychiatry component pertaining to metabolic syndrome

PY8.5/SLO

1.Describe the association between obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes

2.Discuss the psychiatry component associated with metabolic syndrome

3.Describe the role of sympathoadrenal system during stress

228

Metabolic syndrome and stress response

SDL

Describe and differentiate the mechanism of action of steroid,

PY8.6

protein and amine hormones

PY8.6/SLO

1.Classify hormones

2.Describe the mechanism of action of adrenal and sex steroids

3.Describe the mechanism of action of protein hormones (anterior pituitary hormones)

4.Describe the mechanism of action of amine hormones (thyroid, adrenal medullary

hormones)

229

Adrenal gland I

Lecture

230

Adrenal gland II

Lecture

231

Adrenal glands

SGD

232

Adrenal glands

SGD

233

Charts and case histories discussion

SGD

234

Charts and case histories discussion

SGD

REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY

Describe and discuss sex determination, sex differentiation and

PY9.1

abnormalities and outline psychiatry and practical implication of sex detrermination

PY9.1/SLO

1.Describe the physiology of sex determination and sex differentiation

2. Discuss the various abnormalities of sex determination and sex differentiation

3.Outline the psychological changes and its practical implication realted to sex

detrermination

235

Sex deterination and differntiation

Lecture

Describe and discuss puberty: onset, progression, stages; early

PY9.2

and delayed puberty and outline adolescent clinical and

psychological association

PY9.2/SLO

1.Define puberty

2.Discuss the onset, progression and various stages of puberty

3.Explain precocious and delayed puberty

4.Outline the clinical and psychological associations related to puberty

232

Puberty

Lecture

Describe male reproductive system: functions of testis and

PY9.3

control of spermatogenesis and factors modifying it and outline its association with

psychiatric illness

PY9.3/SLO

1. Describe the functional anatomy of male reproductive system

2. Discuss the various functions of testis

3. Describe the stages of spematogenesis and facors regulating spermatogenesis

4. Outline the psychological changes associated with spematogenesis

236

Male reproductive system

Lecture

Describe female reproductive system: (a) functions of ovary and

PY9.4

its control; (b) menstrual cycle - hormonal, uterine and

ovarian changes

PY9.4/SLO

1.Describe the functional anatomy of female reproductive system

2.Discuss the functions of ovary and factors affecting oogenesis

3.Define menstruation.Discuss the various hormonal, uterine and ovarian changes

during mensturation

237

Female reproductive system

Lecture

238

Menstrual cycle

Lecture

239

Menstrual cycle

SGD

240

Menstrual cycle

SGD

PY9.5

Describe and discuss the physiological effects of sex hormones

PY9.5/SLO

1.Describe the synthesis, mechanism of action and various physiological actions of

estrogen

2.Describe the synthesis, mechanism of action and various physiological actions of

progesterone

3.Describe the synthesis, mechanism of action and various physiological actions of

testosterone

4.Mention the functions of inhibin, activin and relaxin

241

Female sex hormones

SDL

242

Male and female sex hormones

SGD

Enumerate the contraceptive methods for male and female.

PY9.6

Discuss their advantages and disadvantages

PY9.6/SLO

1.Define contraception

2.Disuss the various temporary and permanent methods of female contraception

3.Mention the advantages and disadvantages of female contraceptive methods

4.Disuss the various temporary and permanent methods of male contraception

5.Mention the advantages and disadvantages of male contraceptive methods

243

Contraception

Lecture

244

Contraception

245

Contraception

Describe and discuss the effects of removal of gonads on

PY9.7

physiological functions

PY9.7/SLO

1.Discuss the effects of removal of testis in males before and after puberty

2.Discuss the effects of removal of ovaries in females before and after puberty

246

Effects of removal of gonads

Lecture

Describe and discuss the physiology of pregnancy, parturition and lactation and outline

PY9.8

the psychology and psychiatry-disorders associated with it

PY9.8/SLO

1.Describe the physiological changes during pregnancy

2.Describe the physiological changes during parturition and lactation

3.Outline the psychological and psychiatric-disorders associated with pregnancy,

parturition and lactation

247

Pregnancy and parturition

Lecture

248

Lactation

Lecture

Interpret a normal semen analysis report including (a) sperm count,(b) sperm

PY9.9

morphology and (c) sperm motility, as per WHO

guidelines and discuss the results

PY9.9/SLO

1.Interpret a normal semen analysis report as per WHO

guidelines

2.Discuss the results of semen analysis

249

Semen analysis

SDL

250

Semen analysis - Intrepretation

SGD

251

Semen analysis - Intrepretation

SGD

PY9.10

Discuss the physiological basis of various pregnancy tests

PY9.10/SLO

1.Mention the various pregnancy tests

2.Discuss the physiological basis of various pregnancy tests

252

Pregnancy diagnostic tests

Lecture

Discuss the hormonal changes and their effects during

PY9.11

perimenopause and menopause

PY9.11/SLO

1.Define perimenopause and menopause

2.Discuss the various hormonal changes and their effects during

perimenopause and menopause

253

Perimenopause and menopause

Lecture

Discuss the common causes of infertility in a couple and role of IVF in managing a

PY9.12

case of infertility

PY9.12/SLO

1.Define and classify infertility

2.Enumerate the causes of infertility

3.Discuss artificial reproduction techniques

254

Infertility

SGD

255

Infertility

SGD

256

Charts and case histories discussion

SGD

257

Charts and case histories discussion

SGD

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY (CVS)

Describe the functional anatomy of heart including chambers, sounds; and Pacemaker

PY5.1

tissue and conducting system

PY5.1/SLO

1.Describe the functional anatomy of heart

2.Locate heart sounds

3.Discuss pacemaker tissue and conducting system

258

Functional anatomy of heart

SDL

Describe the properties of cardiac muscle including its morphology, electrical,

PY5.2

mechanical and metabolic functions

PY5.2/SLO

1. Describe the properties of cardiac muscle

2.Discuss morphology, electrical, mechanical and metabolic functions of cardiac

muscle

259

Properties of cardiac muscle I

Lecture

260

Properties of cardiac muscle II

Lecture

PY5.3

Discuss the events occurring during the cardiac cycle

PY5.3/SLO

1. Define cardiac cycle

2.Discuss events occuring during atrial and ventricular phases of cardiac cycle

3.Explain the volume and pressure changes with wiggers curve.

4.Discuss jugular venous pulse.

5.Discuss the characteristics of different heartsounds and identify murmurs.

6.Explain phonocardiogram

261

Cardiac cycle

Lecture

262

Cardiac cycle

SGD

263

Cardiac cycle

SGD

264

Heart sounds

SGD

265

Heart sounds

SGD

PY5.4

Describe generation, conduction of cardiac impulse

PY5.4/SLO

1.Discuss pacemaker potential

2.Explain the conducting pathway in heart

3.Discuss AV nodal delay

4.Discuss arriythmias.

266

Generation and conduction of cardiac impulse

Lecture

Describe the physiology of electrocardiogram (E.C.G), its applications and the cardiac

PY5.5

axis

PY5.5/SLO

1.Define ECG

2.Discuss vector ,axis with cardiac chambers

3. Explain einthoven's triangle

4. Discuss causes of waves in ECG

5. Discuss the normal duration of intervals and segments in ECG

6.Report ECG

7. Calculate heart rate with ECG..

267

ECG - I

Lecture

PY5.6

Describe abnormal ECG, arrythmias, heart block and myocardial Infarction

PY5.6/SLO

1.Describe abnormal ECG

2.Discuss various arrythmias, heart block.

3. Discuss myocardial Infarction in correlation with ECG.

268

ECG - II

Lecture

269

ECG

SGD

270

ECG

SGD

PY5.7

Describe and discuss haemodynamics of circulatory system

PY5.7/SLO

1. Discuss functions of meta arterioles,precapillary spinchter,AV anastomoses

2. Explain hagen poisuellies law and its significance

3. Explain reynolds number and its significance

4. Explain Bernoullies principle and its application

271

Haemodynamics of circulatory system

Lecture

272

Functions of meta arterioles,precapillary spinchter,AV anastomoses

SGD

273

Functions of meta arterioles,precapillary spinchter,AV anastomoses

SGD

PY5.8

Describe and discuss local and systemic cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms

PY5.8/SLO

1. Describe neural mechanism that control heart rate and blood pressure

2.Discuss the effects of carbon dioxide and hypoxia on medullary oblongata.

274

Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms

Lecture

Describe the factors affecting heart rate, regulation of cardiac output and blood

PY5.9

pressure

PY5.9/SLO

1. Discuss the factors affecting heart rate and its regulation.

2.Define cardiac output .

3.Discuss the factors regulating cardiac output

4.Explain the various mehod to measure cardiac output.

5.Define blood pressure

6. Discuss the determinants of blood pressure.

7.Discuss shortterm and long term regulation of blood pressure.

8.Demonstrate the measurements of blood pressure.

9. Discuss causes and physiological basis of hypertension and hypotension.

275

Regulation of heart rate

Lecture

276

Cardiac output - I

Lecture

277

Cardiac output - II

Lecture

278

Blood pressure - I

Lecture

279

Blood pressure - II

Lecture

280

Regulation of blood pressure

SGD

281

Regulation of blood pressure

SGD

Describe and discuss regional circulation including microcirculation, lymphatic

PY5.10

circulation, coronary, cerebral, capillary, skin, foetal, pulmonary and splanchnic

circulation

PY5.10/SLO

1.Discuss starling' s forces

2.Describe and discuss microcirculation

3.Discuss the lymphatic circulation

4. Discuss special features ,phasic changes and regulation of coronary circulation.

5. Discuss cerebral circualtion and its regulation.

6. Discuss the AV anastomoses ,axon reflex and triple response in cutaneous

circuklation

7. Discuss the Foetal circualtion and changes after birth.

8. Discuss the specia; features of pulmonary and splanchnic circulation

282

Microcirculation

Lecture

283

Coronary circulation - I

Lecture

284

Coronary circulation - II

Lecture

285

Coronary circulation

286

Coronary circulation

287

Cerebral circulation

Lecture

288

Cutaneous circulation

Lecture

289

Foetal circulation

Lecture

290

Pulmonary circulation

Lecture

291

Splanchnic circulation

Lecture

PY5.11

Describe the patho-physiology of shock, syncope and heart failure

PY5.11/SLO

1.Define shock and list the different types of shock.

2. Describe the patho-physiology and stages of shock.

3.Discuss the physiological basis in management of shock.

4.Expalin causes and physiological basis of syncope and heart failure.

292

Shock - I

Lecture

293

Shock - II

Lecture

294

Heart failure

Lecture

295

Syncope

SGD

296

Syncope

SGD

Record blood pressure and pulse at rest and in different grades of exercise and

PY5.12

postures in a volunteer or simulated environment

PY5.12/SLO

1.Demonstrate the examination of arterial pulse in a volunteer.

2.Report the arterial pulse

3. Discuss the causes for tachycardia and bradycardia.

4.Demonstrate the recording of blood pressure in a volunteer.

5. Discuss the basis of korotkoff's sound and auscultatory gap.

6.Report the blood pressure

7. Discuss the causes for hypertension and hypotension.

297

Practical briefing on clinical examination

SGD

DOAP

298

Introduction to clinical examination

session

DOAP

299

Introduction to clinical examination

session

DOAP

300

Introduction to clinical examination

session

DOAP

301

Introduction to clinical examination

session

302

Practical briefing on clinical examination of arterial pulse

SGD

DOAP

303

Examination of arterial pulse

session

DOAP

304

Examination of arterial pulse

session

DOAP

305

Examination of arterial pulse

session

DOAP

306

Examination of arterial pulse

session

DOAP

307

Examination of arterial pulse

session

DOAP

308

Examination of arterial pulse

session

309

Practical briefing on clinical examination of Recording of blood pressure

SGD

DOAP

310

Recording of blood pressure

session

DOAP

311

Recording of blood pressure

session

DOAP

312

Recording of blood pressure

session

DOAP

313

Recording of blood pressure

session

314

Practical briefing on Effect of posture and exercise on blood pressure

SGD

DOAP

315

Effect of posture on blood pressure

session

DOAP

316

Effect of posture on blood pressure

session

DOAP

317

Effect of exercise on blood pressure

session

DOAP

318

Effect of exercise on blood pressure

session

PY5.13

Record and interpret normal ECG in a volunteer or simulated environment

PY5.13/SLO

1.Demonstrate the recording of normal ECG in a volunteer.

2. Interpretation and discussion of ECG

3.Calcuale theheart rate by ECG

DOAP

319

ECG

session

DOAP

320

ECG

session

Observe cardiovascular autonomic function tests in a volunteer or simulated

PY5.14

environment

PY5.14/SLO

1. Observe and discuss cardiovascular autonomic function tests in a volunteer or

simulated environment

2. Discuss the autonomic dysfunctions.

DOAP

321

Cardiovascular autonomic function tests

session

DOAP

322

Cardiovascular autonomic function tests

session

Demonstrate the correct clinical examination of the cardiovascular system in a normal

PY5.15

volunteer or simulated environment

PY5.15/SLO

1. Demonstrate inspection,palpation,percusion and ausculation in examination

cardiovascular system in a normal volunteer or simulated environment

2.Report the clinical examination cardiovascular system in a normal volunteer or

simulated environment

DOAP

323

Clinical examination of the cardiovascular system

session

DOAP

324

Clinical examination of the cardiovascular system

session

DOAP

325

Clinical examination of the cardiovascular system

session

DOAP

326

Clinical examination of the cardiovascular system

session

DOAP

327

Clinical examination of the cardiovascular system

session

DOAP

328

Clinical examination of the cardiovascular system

session

Record Arterial pulse tracing using finger plethysmography in a volunteer or simulated

PY5.16

environment

PY 5.16/SLO

1.Demonstrate arterial pulse recording.

2.Report arterial pulse examination.

DOAP

329

Recording of arterial pulse

session

DOAP

330

Recording of arterial pulse

session

331

Charts, calculation, case histories discussion

SGD

332

Charts, calculation, case histories discussion

SGD

RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

PY6.1

Describe the functional anatomy of respiratory tract

PY6.1/SLO

1.Describe the functional anatomy of respiratory tract

2.Discuss the nonrespiratory functions of lungs

333

Introduction to respiratory system

SDL

Describe the mechanics of normal respiration, pressure

changes during ventilation, lung volume and capacities,

PY6.2

alveolar surface tension, compliance, airway resistance,

ventilation, V/P ratio, diffusion capacity of lungs

PY6.2/SLO

1.Name the muscles of inspiration and expiration and explain their mechanics

2.Discuss about intrapulmonary, intrapleural, transpulmonary pressure changes during

breathing

3.Define the basic measures of lung volume capacities and give approximate values for

each in a normal adult

4.Describe alveolar surface tension

5.Describe the chemical composition and functions of pulmonary surfactants

5.Define compliance

6.Discuss the factors affecting compliance of lung and give examples of diseases in

which it is abnormal

7.Explain the factors affecting airway resistance and mention its physiological

significance

8.Define alveolar ventilation and mention its physiological significance

9.Define physiological and anatomical dead space. Mention the methods for its

measurement

10.Define ventilation-perfusion ratio

11.Discuss the factors affecting ventilation-perfusion ratio

12.Define diffusion capacity of lungs and mention the methods used to measur it

13.Discuss the factors affecting diffusion capacity of lungs

14.Discuss the neural and chemical regulaton of respiration

334

Mechanics of Breathing

Lecture

335

Pulmonary circulation/Ventilation perfussion ratio

Lecture

336

Compliance /Work of breathing/Surfactant

Lecture

337

Neural regulation of respiration

Lecture

338

Chemicall regulation of respiration

Lecture

339

Chart calculation, case histories discussion

SGD

Describe and discuss the transport of respiratory gases:

PY6.3

Oxygen and Carbon dioxide

PY6.3/SLO

1.Describe the transport of oxygen in blood and tissues

2.Explain oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

3.Describe the transport of carbondioxide in blood and tissues

4.Explain carbondioxide dissociation curve

5.Describe Haldane effect and Hamburger phenomenon

340

Transport of oxygen

Lecture

341

Transport of carbon di oxide

Lecture

Describe and discuss the physiology of high altitude and

PY6.4

deep sea diving

PY6.4/SLO

1.Discuss the various physiological changes that occur during rapid ascent

2.Discuss the various physiological changes that occur during slow ascent

3.Discuss the various physiological changes that occur during deep sea diving

342

High altitude physiology

Lecture

Describe and discuss the principles of artificial respiration,

PY6.5

oxygen therapy, acclimatization and decompression sickness

PY6.5/SLO

1.List the indications for artificial respiration

2.Discuss the manual and mechanical methods of artificial respiration

3.Disuss the indications for oxygen therapy

4.Describe oxygen toxicity

5.Explain the compensatory mechanisms that occur during acclimatization

6.Discuss the effect of high barometric pressure on the body (Caisson's disease)

343

Artificial respiration, oxygen therapy

Lecture

344

Acclimatization

Lecture

345

Deep sea physiology

Lecture

Describe and discuss the pathophysiology of dyspnoea, hypoxia,cyanosis, asphyxia;

PY6.6

drowning, periodic breathing

PY6.6/SLO

1.Define dyspnoea and dyspnoeic index

2.Mention the causes of dyspnoea

3.Describe the pathophysiology of dyspnoea

4.Define and classify hypoxia

5.Discuss the various types of hypoxia with examples and management

6.Define and classify cyanosis

7.Describe the etiology and pathophysiology of cyanosis

8.Define asphyxia

9.Describe the physiological changes that occur duting sea water and fresh water

drowning

9.Explain the mechanism of periodic breathing

346

Dyspnea,Hypoxia,cyanosis,Asphyxia

Lecture

Describe and discuss lung function tests and their clinical

PY6.7

significance

PY6.7/SLO

1.List the indications for lung function tests

2.Describe the tests to assess the ventilatory function, gaseous exchange of lungs and

transport of gases in the body

347

Lung function tests

Lecture

PY6.8

Demonstrate the correct technique to perform and interpret Spirometry

PY6.8/SLO

1.Demonstrate spirometry recording in a healthy volunteer

2.Interpret the values

348

Practical briefing on spirometry

SGD

DOAP

349

Spirometry

session

DOAP

350

Spirometry

session

IT- Respiratory

351

Spirometry

medicine

IT- Respiratory

352

Spirometry

medicine

Demonstrate the correct clinical examination of the respiratory system in a normal

PY6.9

volunteer or simulated environment

PY6.9/SLO

1.Demonstrate the clinical examination of the respiratory system in a normal volunteer

2.Report the findings

353

Practical briefing on clinical examination of respiratory system

SGD

DOAP

354